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Installazione

Prima di iniziare, assicurati di avere Node.js 18 o superiore installato. Quindi, creare una directory per la vostra applicazione e navigare in essa.

Terminal window
mkdir myapp
cd myapp

Usa il comando npm init per creare un file package.json per la tua applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni sul funzionamento di package.json, vedere Specifiche della gestione di npm.json.

Terminal window
npm init

Questo comando ti richiede un certo numero di cose, come il nome e la versione della tua applicazione. Per ora, puoi semplicemente premere RETURN per accettare i valori predefiniti per la maggior parte di essi, con la seguente eccezione:

entry point: (index.js)

Inserisci app.js, o qualsiasi cosa desideri che sia il nome del file principale. Se vuoi che sia index.js, premi RETURN per accettare il nome del file predefinito suggerito.

Ora, installa Express nella directory myapp e salvalo nella lista delle dipendenze. Per esempio:

Terminal window
npm install express

Per installare Express temporaneamente e non aggiungerlo alla lista delle dipendenze:

Terminal window
npm install express --no-save

TypeScript

Express is written in JavaScript and does not bundle its own type definitions. To use it with TypeScript, install TypeScript together with the community-maintained types for Express and Node.js (from DefinitelyTyped) as development dependencies:

Terminal window
npm install --save-dev typescript @types/express @types/node

Some middleware does not bundle its own type definitions. If you add an official middleware package that TypeScript reports as untyped, also install its types from DefinitelyTyped as a dev dependency, for example @types/cors alongside cors.

Add a tsconfig.json. These options mirror how Node.js runs TypeScript and make the compiler reject non-erasable syntax (such as enums, namespaces, and parameter properties) that Node cannot strip:

tsconfig.json
{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "esnext",
"module": "nodenext",
"rewriteRelativeImportExtensions": true,
"erasableSyntaxOnly": true,
"verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
"noEmit": true,
"strict": true,
"skipLibCheck": true
}
}

Write your application in TypeScript, annotating the request and response objects:

src/app.ts
import express, { type Express, type Request, type Response } from 'express';
const app: Express = express();
app.get('/', (req: Request, res: Response) => {
res.send('Hello World!');
});
app.listen(3000);

You do not need to annotate everything. When you pass a handler directly to a route method or to app.use(), Express infers the types of req, res, and next, and it infers route parameters from the path, so req.params.id is a string in app.get('/users/:id', ...). Add explicit types only where TypeScript has no context to infer from: error-handling middleware, whose (err, req, res, next) signature is not inferred, and handlers you define separately from the route. In those cases, annotate the parameters or type the whole function as RequestHandler or ErrorRequestHandler.

Run the file directly with Node.js, which strips the TypeScript types and runs the result without a build step:

Terminal window
node src/app.ts

Note

Running .ts files directly requires Node.js >= 22.18.0 (or >= 23.6.0 on the v23 line) and TypeScript >= 5.8. Node strips the types but does not type-check them, so run npx tsc to type-check your project. For more details, see the Node.js guide on running TypeScript natively.