Installazione
Prima di iniziare, assicurati di avere Node.js 18 o superiore installato. Quindi, creare una directory per la vostra applicazione e navigare in essa.
mkdir myappcd myappUsa il comando npm init per creare un file package.json per la tua applicazione.
Per maggiori informazioni sul funzionamento di package.json, vedere Specifiche della gestione di npm.json.
npm inityarn initpnpm initbun initQuesto comando ti richiede un certo numero di cose, come il nome e la versione della tua applicazione. Per ora, puoi semplicemente premere RETURN per accettare i valori predefiniti per la maggior parte di essi, con la seguente eccezione:
entry point: (index.js)Inserisci app.js, o qualsiasi cosa desideri che sia il nome del file principale. Se vuoi che sia index.js, premi RETURN per accettare il nome del file predefinito suggerito.
Ora, installa Express nella directory myapp e salvalo nella lista delle dipendenze. Per esempio:
npm install expressyarn add expresspnpm add expressbun add expressPer installare Express temporaneamente e non aggiungerlo alla lista delle dipendenze:
npm install express --no-savebun add express --no-saveTypeScript
Express is written in JavaScript and does not bundle its own type definitions. To use it with TypeScript, install TypeScript together with the community-maintained types for Express and Node.js (from DefinitelyTyped) as development dependencies:
npm install --save-dev typescript @types/express @types/nodeyarn add --dev typescript @types/express @types/nodepnpm add --save-dev typescript @types/express @types/nodebun add --dev typescript @types/express @types/nodeSome middleware does not bundle its own type definitions. If you add an official middleware package
that TypeScript reports as untyped, also install its types from DefinitelyTyped as a dev dependency,
for example @types/cors alongside cors.
Add a tsconfig.json. These options mirror how Node.js runs TypeScript and make the compiler reject
non-erasable syntax (such as enums, namespaces, and parameter properties) that Node cannot strip:
{ "compilerOptions": { "target": "esnext", "module": "nodenext", "rewriteRelativeImportExtensions": true, "erasableSyntaxOnly": true, "verbatimModuleSyntax": true, "noEmit": true, "strict": true, "skipLibCheck": true }}Write your application in TypeScript, annotating the request and response objects:
import express, { type Express, type Request, type Response } from 'express';
const app: Express = express();
app.get('/', (req: Request, res: Response) => { res.send('Hello World!');});
app.listen(3000);You do not need to annotate everything. When you pass a handler directly to a route method or to
app.use(), Express infers the types of req, res, and next, and it infers route parameters
from the path, so req.params.id is a string in app.get('/users/:id', ...). Add explicit types
only where TypeScript has no context to infer from: error-handling middleware, whose
(err, req, res, next) signature is not inferred, and handlers you define separately from the route.
In those cases, annotate the parameters or type the whole function as RequestHandler or
ErrorRequestHandler.
Run the file directly with Node.js, which strips the TypeScript types and runs the result without a build step:
node src/app.tsNote
Running .ts files directly requires Node.js >= 22.18.0 (or >= 23.6.0 on the v23 line) and
TypeScript >= 5.8. Node strips the types but does not type-check them, so run npx tsc to type-check
your project. For more details, see the Node.js guide on
running TypeScript natively.